Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess a distinctive ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has led extensive research in various fields, including biomedical imaging, therapeutics, and optoelectronics. However, the possible toxicity of UCNPs raises significant concerns that require thorou

Quantum dots exhibit the potential to revolutionize display technology by enabling brighter and more vibrant colors. These nanoscale semiconductors emit light of a specific color depending on their size, offering a wide range of tunable wavelengths. Unlike traditional read more displays that rely on bulky filters or phosphors, quantum dots offer a